Recent advanced applications of nanomaterials in microalgae biorefinery

Currently, although microalgae biorefinery is gaining attention in proportion to its demonstrated benefits, certain technical requirements need to be met, and cost issues need to be resolved before effective commercialization can be achieved. In both respects, multi-functional nanoparticles have been proposed as a promising potential solution. This review discusses the extensive studies that have been completed in the field of nanoparticles-aided microalgae biorefinery studies. Nanoparticle-support applications include cell/biomass growth enhancement and intracellular active compound production by induction of stress environments, application of backscattering light, and nutritional alteration. In the microalgae harvesting process, diverse nanoparticles can improve harvesting efficiency in a short time. In addition, the ability to re-use nanomaterials, as well as the integration of cell harvesting, disruption, and extraction also contributes to cost reduction. Moreover, many different nanocatalysts offer the ability to enhance biodiesel conversion efficiency. We hope that this review, in sketching out the current state of nano-aided technology in microalgae biorefinery, will contribute illuminating context and useful information for ongoing and future research.