A data-driven complex network approach for planning sustainable and inclusive urban mobility hubs and services

New mobility services that facilitate multimodal options are important for strategic urban transport systems planning. Part of this strategy is municipal investment in urban mobility hubs to increase access to mobility services. We present a new evaluation framework and algorthim to locate and assess the sustainability and equity impacts of hubs in cities. Scenarios are used to evaluate hub investment strategies in different cities that prioritize (1) current mode split, (2) high transit capacity, and (3) multimodal services. From an equity perspective, high transit capacity and multimodal hub strategies include more low-income areas than current mode split, which covers middle-income areas most. Travel times to access the nearest hub in Portland by low-income households is similar to 20-40 min compared to high-income households requiring similar to 25-30 min. Seattle and Vancouver perform better requiring similar to 15-20 min for low-income compared to similar to 25-35 min for high-income households. Multimodal hubs are the most efficient requiring similar to 15-20 minutes to reach compared to similar to 15-30 minutes for high capacity and current mode split scenarios. From a sustainability perspective, similar to 10%-50% of the population cannot reach a hub within 30 minutes by public transit compared to <10% by car, and travel time to reach the nearest hub in all three cities by car is <20 min compared to similar to 20-40 min by public transit. Between all cities, low-income households representing similar to 2%-15% of the total population have no access to a hub by public transit within 30 min compared to high-income households representing similar to 1%-3% of the total population. Only in Portland are there low-income households not able to reach a hub by car, and in each city, all high-income households can reach at least one hub by car within 30 min. Our results show how municipalities can strategically invest in public transit and multimodal options to increase the frequency, quality, and overall mobility for low- and medium-income households and improve access to essential amenities for more vulnerable citizens. Municipalities can use our hub evaluation framework to explore alternative transport investment scenarios and spatially locate urban hubs to meet future travel demand, increase adoption of multimodal services, and improve equitable access for all citizens.