234Th-Based Carbon Export Flux Along the Indian GEOTRACES GI02 Section in the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean

Th-234 (t(1/2)=24.1 d), present in seawater, is a naturally occurring particle-reactive radionuclide formed through the radioactive decay of its parent, U-238 (t(1/2)=4.47x10(9)years). The Th-234:U-238 disequilibrium is exploited to quantify fluxes of elements moving out of the euphotic zone by attaching on to sinking particles. Under the Indian GEOTRACES programme, high-resolution sampling in the upper 300m depth was carried out at 11 stations in the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean during April-May 2014 from 17 degrees N to 16 degrees S along 65 degrees E transect to estimate the Th-234-based particulate organic carbon (POC) export flux from the upper ocean. Average Th-234 fluxes integrated to 100m depth were 2,612 and 1,968dpmm(-2)d(-1) for the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean, respectively. The estimated POC export fluxes ranged from negligible to 9.0mmolm(-2)d(-1), and the Th-234-based POC export efficiencies were <2 to 5%. For the same season, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal showed highly contrasting carbon export trends (mean: 4.0 and 0.8mmolCm(-2)d(-1), respectively). The modeled POC export fluxes from in situ and satellite-derived primary production are higher than the Th-234-based values for the Laws and Dunne models and are comparable for the Henson model. The modeled POC fluxes that depend on surface temperature and primary production could be further refined for the seasonal cycle in biological productivity and associated differences in trophic structure, grazing intensity, recycling efficiency, high bacterial activity, and associated dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export.