Treatment of femoral shaft fracture using unreamed interlocked nails

Objective: To evaluate healing rates of femoral shaft fractures treated with interlocked nails inserted without reaming. Study Design: Review of prospectively collected data. Setting: Level I trauma center. Methods: From the trauma registry, 159 patients with 164 femoral shaft fractures were identified who had been mated from March 1993 through December 1995 with femoral nails inserted without reaming in either an antergrade or retrograde manner. Fractures were classified according to the AO/OTA method. Patients were followed for a minimum of one year with clinical and radiographic examinations. Results: One hundred twenty-one patients with 125 fractures were available for review. Average follow-up was 18.3 months (range 12 to 59 months). One hundred sixteen of the 125 fractures (93 percent) healed after the index procedure. Type A fractures healed at an average of 3.8 months (range 2 to 8 months), Type B fractures at 4.8 months (range 2 to 16 months), and Type C fractures at 6.2 months (range 3 to 12 months). There were no increases in complication rates or differences in ranges of knee and hip motion as compared with other published series. Overall, there was no difference in the length of time to union between antegrade or retrograde nailings, and the healing rates for the two methods showed only a small statistical difference. Conclusions: The use of femoral nails inserted in an unreamed manner in this series produced healing rates comparable with historic standards using reamed insertion. Smaller diameter nails inserted without reaming did not compromise fracture management and produced no increase in complication rates. The causes for delayed union or nonunion appear to be multifactorial, and secondary procedures should be considered if fractures have demonstrated little or no healing by three months.