Land Surface Temperature Variation in Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand, During 2001-2020

Temperature change is a critical concern for human health, particularly in metropolitan ar-eas. Warmer summer temperatures and cooler winter temperatures raise concerns about power and gas consumption. The Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA) includes the entire city as well as the neighboring areas. BMA is regarded as one of the major cities, rapidly expanding and urbanizing with high-rise buildings. Since, climate change is causing anxiety in all of the world's major cities, our study aims to investigate the seasonal patterns and trends of land surface temperature (LST) in the Bangkok Met-ropolitan Area, Thailand, from January 2001 to December 2020. The data for this study came from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's website (NASA). The patterns and trends of LST during the last 20 years were investigated using simple linear regression and cubic spline approaches. The first 70% of the data is used as a training set, while the rest is used as a testing set. For building effective LST predictive models, the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) has been used for model construction. The LST in Bangkok Metropolitan has increased at a rate of about 0.675C each decade over the last 20 years, according to a simple linear regression fit to seasonally adjusted LST. Finally, ARIMA(3,0,0) was determined to beat all other models by producing the least RMSE. The model's performance, however, varies from dataset to dataset.