Information Security Awareness: Literature Review and Integrative Framework

Individuals' information security awareness (ISA) plays a critical role in determining their security-related behavior in both organizational and private contexts. Understanding this relationship has important implications for individuals and organizations alike who continuously struggle to protect their information security. Despite much research on ISA, there is a lack of an overarching picture of the concept of ISA and its relationship with other constructs. By reviewing 40 studies, this study synthesizes the relationship between ISA and its antecedents and consequences. In particular, we (1) examine definitions of ISA; (2) categorize antecedents of ISA according to their level of origin; and (3) identify consequences of ISA in terms of changes in beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and actual security-related behaviors. A framework illustrating the relationships between the constructs is provided and areas for future research are identified.