Positron emission tomography imaging of cell death with [18F]FPDuramycin

The noninvasive imaging of cell death, including apoptosis and necrosis, is an important tool for the assessment of degenerative diseases and in the monitoring of tumor treatments. Duramycin is a peptide of 19-amino acids. It binds specifically to phosphatidylethanolamine a novel molecular target for cell death. N-(2-F-18-Fluoropropionyl)duramycin ([F-18]FPDuramycin) was prepared as a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer from the reaction of duramycin with 4-nitrophenyl 2-[F-18]fluoropropionate ([F-18]NFP). Compared with control cells (viable tumor cells), the in vitro binding of [F-18]FPDuramycin with apoptotic cells induced by anti-Fas antibody resulted in a doubling increase, while the binding of [F-18]FPDuramycin with necrotic cells induced by three freeze and thaw cycles resulted in a threefold increase. Biodistribution study in mice exhibited its rapid blood and renal clearance and predominant accumulation in liver and spleen over 120 min postinjection. Small-animal PET/CT imaging with [F-18]FPDuramycin proved to be a successful way to visualize in vivo therapeutic-induced tumor cell death. In summary, [F-18]FPDuramycin seems to be a potential PET probe candidate for noninvasive visualization of in vivo cell death sites induced by chemotherapy in tumors.