Practice of end-of-life care for patients with advanced dementia by hospital physicians and nurses: Comparison between medical and surgical wards

Background Patients with advanced dementia are commonly hospitalized in acute care wards, yet there is limited data regarding the end-of-life (EOL) care delivered to this population. The aim of the study was to examine EOL care delivered to patients with advanced dementia hospitalized on acute wards as reported by physicians and nurses. Methods Participants were physicians and nurses from medical and surgical wards of two tertiary hospitals in Israel. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire evaluating EOL care experiences, knowledge, performance, assessment, communication, and perceived futile care regarding patients with dementia. Results The questionnaire was completed by 315 providers. There were 190 medical ward respondents and 125 from general surgical wards. Of them, 48.6% recognized dementia as a terminal disease, while 26.0% of the participants reported that they knew the end-of-life preferences for less than 10% of their patients. Among the providers, 53.3% reported that end-of-life ward discussions took place only when there was a life-threatening situation and 11.1%-16.5% never engaged in end-of-life communication regarding EOL patient's preferences, appointing an attorney for the patient, disease trajectory or the essence of palliative care, with patients or their representatives. Only 17.1% reported "never" performing care they considered to be futile for patients with advanced dementia. Controlling for gender, age, role, position (senior/junior), and exposure to patients with advanced dementia, surgical ward respondents reported performing less EOL care than medical ward respondents in almost all aspects of palliative care. Conclusions Despite growing attention, a significant portion of staff in acute care wards do not report applying EOL care to patients with advanced dementia in clinical practice, especially surgical ward staff.