High-Resolution Adhesion Mapping of the Odd-Even Effect on a Layer-by-Layer Coated Biomaterial by Atomic-Force-Microscopy

The adhesion behavior of polyelectrolyte multilayers consisting of poly(diallyldimethylammoniurn chloride), PDDA, and poly(styrenesulfonate), PSS, toward a silicon AFM tip was studied during their build-up on wood, a chemically heterogeneous, micrometer rough biomaterial and compared with a nanometer rough substrate, namely quartz. The atomic force microscopy-based force mapping approach generated high-resolution topography,, and adhesion maps within the first bilayers, which point toward a homogeneous layer-by-layer build-up on the biomaterial surface, and therefore,3 indicate an even charge distribution. By analyzing the force-distance curves in every pixel of the mapping, new insights into the specific interactions of the polyelectrolyte multilayers at the surface were achieved. The characteristic odd-even effect of polyelectrolyte multilayers cannot only be determined on quartz, but also on the biomaterial wood, however, only after an offset of two bilayers. This is potentially due to the specific roughness and charge of wood in comparison to commonly used quartz.