Design of composite structures including delamination studies

Composite materials are increasing their use in structures used for road transportation vehicles. From car bodies to trucks, these materials are being more popular. This use is obliging designers to take care of topics different to the traditional ones already studied for aerospace applications. Design must be simplified and, what is even more important, commercial codes should be used to continue with the extension of the use of composite materials in non aerospace industry. One of the most important problems arising when dealing with finite element design of composite materials including delamination is the requirement of using huge computer resources to solve the three dimensional stress field in the vicinity of free edges, holes, changes of number of layers and similar discontinuities. To solve this problem, there are some well known techniques as global-local approaches that can be used for designing with good results. From an engineering point of view, the problem is that they are not usually implemented in commercial finite element codes so that engineers can not use them for everyday calculations. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.