Effect of vitamin D on bone health in postmenopausal women

Current demographics indicate an increased trend towards aging of the American population. This translates to an increased number of postmenopausal women, who experience a loss of bone mass that can result in osteoporosis. Among the various treatment modalities, vitamin D has been proven to prevent and treat osteoporosis, as it plays a critical role in maintaining skeletal structure. In this review we examine the efficacy of vitamin D, particularly in the form of supplements, in improving bone health and protecting women against osteoporosis. A literature review was conducted using various databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE. Epidemiological data have shown that a safe dose of vitamin D in addition to calcium can effectively reduce risk of fractures and increase bone mineral density. The recommended amount of vitamin D, established at 600 IU for postmenopausal women, can be acquired through sunlight and various food sources, but is best attained through supplements.