Case-control study of risk factors for suicide attempts in Isfahan, Iran

Background: Suicide is an important, preventable, public health problem worldwide, caused by the interaction of numerous environmental, biological and psychosocial factors. Aims: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with suicidal attempts in Isfahan, Iran, in 2015. Methods: In this case-control study, 175 cases who committed suicide and were admitted to emergency services were compared with 175 controls selected among outpatients from the same hospital without any history of suicide attempt. Demographic, psychosocial, personality traits, religiosity, coping skills, stressful life events, socioeconomic status and psychiatric distress were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for suicide. Results: Marital status, education, socioeconomic status, psychological distress, perceived social support, stress coping strategies, personality, religious beliefs, stress life events and general health condition were significantly different between groups. The regression analysis revealed that perceived social support (odds ratio (OR) = 0.962, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94-0.984), religious beliefs (OR = 0.923, 95% CI: 0.867-0.984) and stressful life event (OR = 1.524, 95% CI: 1.251-1.856) were significantly associated with suicide attempts. Conclusion: Our finding showed that religious beliefs, perceived social support and stressful life events are the main factors associated with suicide attempts. So, positive strategies such as improvements in life skills to control stressful life events, religiosity and perceived social support can be used to control suicide attempts.