Electrostatic printing of functional materials, a versatile, novel manufacturing process

Functional materials like metals or glasses are formulated into liquid toners that are imaged on a fixed configuration electrostatic printing plate and then transferred across a finite, fluid filled mechanical gap to a variety of substrates. These substrates include glass and metal plates and non-flat surfaces like US coins. Details of this process, the toners formulated to date; and some suggested manufacturing applications are discussed.