Shifting viewpoints: Artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction

The AI and HCI communities have often been characterized as having opposing views of how humans and computers should interact. As both of them evolve, there is a deeper contrast that cuts across these communities, in how researchers conceive the relationship between knowledge and design. By examining the rationalistic and design orientations underlying bodies of work in both disciplines, we highlight relevant differences and possibilities for effective interaction with computers. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.