Prosody and Spoken Word Recognition in Early and Late Spanish-English Bilingual Individuals

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the influence of word properties on gated single-word recognition in monolingual and bilingual individuals under conditions of native and nonnative accent and to determine whether wordform prosody facilitates recognition in bilingual individuals. Method: Word recognition was assessed in monolingual and bilingual participants when English words were presented with English and Spanish accents in 3 gating conditions: onset only, onset plus prosody/word length only, and onset plus prosody. Word properties were quantified to assess their influence on word recognition in the onset-only condition. Results: Word recognition speed was proportional to language experience. In the onset-only condition, only word frequency facilitated word recognition across groups. Addition of duration information or prosodic word form did not facilitate word recognition in bilingual individuals the way it did in monolingual individuals. For the bilingual groups, Spanish accent significantly facilitated recognition in the presence of prosodic information. Word attributes were far more consequential in the English accent than in the Spanish accent condition. Conclusions: Word rhyme information, word properties, and accent affect gated word recognition differently in monolingual and bilingual individuals. Top-down strategies emanating from word properties that may facilitate single-word recognition are experience and context dependent and become less available in the presence of a nonnative accent.