Prevalence and correlates of common mental disorder among HIV patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Hawassa City, Ethiopia

Background Common mental disorder (CMD) is a group of disorders which include depression, anxiety and somatoform disorders with significant contributions to the burden of disease. It can lead to high social, economic and individual costs because it accounts for one-third of the days missed at work and a fifth of all primary health-care appointment. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders among HIV patients in Hawassa City, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods The cross-sectional study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, among 294 HIV patients who were recruited through systematic sampling techniques. Common mental disorder was assessed through face to face interviews by trained professional psychiatry nurses using a WHO-validated 20-item version of the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Other possible risk factors of CMD were assessed using a structured questionnaire, perceived HIV stigma scale and Oslo Item 3 Social Support Scale. Results A total of 294 HIV patients participated in the study giving a response rate of 98.7%. The mean (+/- SD) age of the respondents was 35.86 years (+/- 9.23). Among the study participants, being female [AOR = 1.25, (95% CI 1.01, 2.43)], being widowed [AOR = 1.99, (95% CI 1.51, 5.28)], having poor social support [AOR = 2.44, (95% CI 1.33, 4.51)], having previous history of psychiatric illness [AOR = 3.83, (95% CI 1.89, 9.33)] and HIV-related perceived stigma [AOR = 1.97, (95% CI 1.63, 2.89)] were more likely to have common mental disorder when compared to their counterparts. Conclusion The prevalence of common mental disorder was high. The Ministry of Health should develop a guideline which helps to screen and treat common mental disorders at ART clinics. Further interventional research on risk factors of common mental disorder should be conducted to strengthen and broaden the current findings.