Synthesis of carbon nanofiber from horse manure via hydrothermal carbonization for dye adsorption

The livestock manure was suddenly concerned due to the crucial reason of greenhouse gases emission. Therefore, several technologies were applied to manage these waste materials such as fertilizer production, biogas or carbon material production. In this study, horse manure, a novel fibrous feedstock, was supplied to produce a carbon nanofiber for metal catalyst supporter and dye adsorbent. Carbon nanofiber was performed via hydrothermal carbonization at 200 degrees C for 24 hours followed by carbonization at the temperature range of 300 to 900 degrees C under the nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours. Basically, the production yield, chemical compounds, surface morphology and pore size of produced carbon nanofiber were investigated. Dye adsorption capacity was increased by increase of carbonization temperature. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.