Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction -: Graft options and fixation techniques

With the introduction of arthroscopy most of the surgeon have changed their technique in ACL-reconstruction from open to arthroscopically performed techniques. Several new techniques have been developed in the past, including new fixation devices and different grafts. The cruciate ligament reconstruction comprises a composition of both, the graft and the fixation to the bone. Well accepted autografts are the patellar midthird, the semitendinosus/gracilis or the quadriceps tendon. In special cases allografts are alternatives. The fixation can cause failure due to overstrain or creep during the postoperative period of healing. Considering their biomechanical properties, cruciate ligament reconstruction should aim for a graft behavior comparable with the native cruciate ligament. Results gained from basic science and clinical studies are reviewed in the following article.