Determination of physical and chemical materials of marine water

An ocean is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which occupies two-thirds of planet's surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with "ocean" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the World Ocean) that land partly or fully encloses. The sea water consist of an average of 35 g/1000 ml of dissolved compounds collectively called salts or practical salinity units (psu) which include CI- (55.04%), Na+ (30.61%), SO42- (7.68%), Mg2+ (3.69%), Ca2+ (1.16%), K+ (1.10%) as major constituents and HCO3- (0.41%), Br (0.19%), H(3)B0(3) (0.07%) and St(2+) (0.04%) apart from 0.01% of dissolved substances of several inorganic salts needed for the marine organisms living in the ecosystem. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.