A Case-matched Comparative Study of Laparoscopic Versus Open Right Colonic Resection for Colon Cancer: Developing Country Perspectives

Background: The open approach to right hemicolectomy remains the most widely adopted, whereas laparoscopic surgery is technically more demanding with possible loss of benefit for lengthy procedures compared with open surgery. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of the laparoscopic versus open surgery for right colon cancer resections. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent an elective and potentially curative right colectomy for colon cancer between 2015 and 2019 were included and those who underwent emergency surgery, palliative resection, or cytoreductive surgery were excluded. Patients were randomly matched on 1:2 basis for age, disease stage, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and extent of colectomy (right vs. extended right hemicolectomy, and additional major resection). The analysis was conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. The outcomes were reported as median (range) or percent as appropriate. Results: Among 160 patients, 18 were excluded. The final matching included 69 patients. The were no significant differences between the groups regarding patients' age and sex distribution, tumor size, and preoperative serum albumin and hemoglobin. There were 2 conversions (8.7%) to open surgery. Although the operating time for laparoscopic surgery was longer (200 vs. 140 min, P<0.001), it was associated with less blood loss (50 vs. 100 mL, P=0.001) and shorter primary and total hospital stay (4.1 vs. 6.0 days, P<0.001). There were no differences in the rates of severe complications (0% vs. 13%), reoperations (0% vs. 4.3%), readmissions (13% vs. 8.7%), mortality (0% vs. 2.2%), R-0 resections (95.7% vs. 97.8%), and lymph node retrieval rate (28 in each group). Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach to right colon resection for colon cancer is associated with less operative trauma and quicker recovery compared with open surgery and offers an equivalent oncologic resection.