Similarities and Differences of Mobility on Demand (MOD) and Mobility as a Service (MaaS)

In cities around the world, innovative and emerging shared modes are offering residents, businesses, travelers, and other users more options to access mobility, goods, and services. As these shared modes build a network of services in many cities, consumers are increasingly engaging in more complex multimodal decision-making processes. Rather than making decisions between modes, travelers are "modal chaining" to optimize route, travel time,and cost. Additionally, digital information and fare integration are contributing to new on-demand access models for mobility and goods delivery.