Human Maternal Brain Plasticity: Adaptation to Parenting

New mothers undergo dynamic neural changes that support positive adaptation to parenting and the development of mother- infant relationships. In this article, I review important psychological adaptations that mothers experience during pregnancy and the early postpartum period. I then review evidence of structural and functional plasticity in human mothers' brains, and explore how such plasticity supportsmothers' psychological adaptation to parenting and sensitive maternal behaviors. Last, I discuss pregnancy and the early postpartum period as a window of vulnerabilities and opportunities when the human maternal brain is influenced by stress and psychopathology, but also receptive to interventions. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.