Cognitive deficits in alcohol and drug dependent patients

Long-term alcohol or drug abuse often leads to functional and structural changes in the brain. Functional cognitive deficits can be seen in processes such as attention, concentration, memory and cognitive flexibility. These deficits are assessed by use of standardized and normative testpsychological instruments. Results show that chronic alcohol or drug abuse may not manifest itself in measures of clinical impression or general intelligence. But specific functions are frequently affected, and in some cases progressive deficits may result in severe disturbances. Cognitive deficits may prevent effective coping of everyday's demands and may also have negative effects on the course of treatment. Nevertheless, under conditions of strict abstinence a partial restitution can be seen in most cases.