Ambient air soot concentrations in Munich public transportation systems

Airborne soot concentrations in fine dust up to 10 mu m mean particle diameter were measured in seven buses and tramways during regular rides in 4 h periods at different daytimes in Munich. With regard to the traffic-related measurements, the main part of particle emissions is caused by motor vehicles. Between March 1995 and July 1996, a total of 105 analyses were accomplished and total as well as elemental carbon were measured. The average value of all measurements amounted to 32.1 mu g total carbon/m(3) and 14.8 mu g C/m(3) for elemental carbon. In the mean, 45.2% of the total carbon belonged to the elemental carbon. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.