Peridynamic solution for submarine surfacing through ice

This paper establishes a numerical model for simulating submarine surfacing through the ice. The numerical model is simplified to be the interaction between a submarine and an ice sheet. The ice sheet is discretized into a number of ice material particles, and the motion and the failure of them are calculated by the peridynamic method. A contact detection method is used to determine the interpenetration between ice material particles and the submarine. To verify the feasibility of peridynamics in modelling ice failure, the two cases of three-point bending of columnar ice and vertical penetration of ice sheet for a cylinder are simulated. Convergence studies are taken with respect to the particle spacing size for submarine surfacing through ice. The surfacing process of the submarine has been simulated, and the calculation results are discussed. The calculated ice failure feature is similar to the full-scale observation.