Factors driving nutrient trends in streams of the Chesapeake Bay watershed

被引:64
|
作者
Ator, Scott W. [1 ]
Blomquist, Joel D. [1 ]
Webber, James S. [2 ]
Chanat, Jeffrey G. [2 ]
机构
[1] USGS, 5522 Res Pk Dr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA
[2] USGS, 1730 East Parham Rd, Richmond, VA 23228 USA
关键词
ATLANTIC COASTAL-PLAIN; NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY; SUSPENDED-SEDIMENT; CONSERVATION PRACTICES; NITRATE CONTAMINATION; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; PHOSPHORUS; QUALITY; MANAGEMENT; GROUNDWATER;
D O I
10.1002/jeq2.20101
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Despite decades of effort toward reducing nitrogen and phosphorus flux to Chesapeake Bay, water-quality and ecological responses in surface waters have been mixed. Recent research, however, provides useful insight into multiple factors complicating the understanding of nutrient trends in bay tributaries, which we review in this paper, as we approach a 2025 total maximum daily load (TMDL) management deadline. Improvements in water quality in many streams are attributable to management actions that reduced point sources and atmospheric nitrogen deposition and to changes in climate. Nutrient reductions expected from management actions, however, have not been fully realized in watershed streams. Nitrogen from urban nonpoint sources has declined, although water-quality responses to urbanization in individual streams vary depending on predevelopment land use. Evolving agriculture, the largest watershed source of nutrients, has likely contributed to local nutrient trends but has not affected substantial changes in flux to the bay. Changing average nitrogen yields from farmland underlain by carbonate rocks, however, may suggest future trends in other areas under similar management, climatic, or other influences, although drivers of these changes remain unclear. Regardless of upstream trends, phosphorus flux to the bay from its largest tributary has increased due to sediment infill in the Conowingo Reservoir. In general, recent research emphasizes the utility of input reductions over attempts to manage nutrient fate and transport at limiting nutrients in surface waters. Ongoing research opportunities include evaluating effects of climate change and conservation practices over time and space and developing tools to disentangle and evaluate multiple influences on regional water quality.
引用
收藏
页码:812 / 834
页数:23
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