Effect of slip velocity and heat transfer on the condensed phase momentum flux of supersonic nozzle flows

One of the methods used for industrial cleansing applications employs a mixture of gaseous nitrogen and liquid water injected upstream of a converging-diverging nozzle located at the end of a straight wand assembly. The idea is to get the mixture to impact the surface at the maximum momentum flux possible in order to maximize the cleansing effectiveness. This paper presents an analysis geared towards this application in which the effects of slip and heat transfer between the gas and liquid phases are present. The model describes the liquid momentum flux (considered a figure of merit for cleansing) under a host of design conditions. While it is recognized that the emulsification mechanism responsible for cleansing is far more complicated than simply being solely dependent on the liquid momentum flux, the analysis presented here should prove useful in providing sufficiently accurate results for nozzle design purposes. [S0098-2202(00)01801-0].