Sub synoptic scale features of the South Australia Storm of September 2016-Part II: analysis of mechanisms driving the gusts

An extreme extratropical cyclone (ETC) struck South Australia on 28 September 2016, causing state-wide blackouts and damage. In the second part of this two-part study, we examine the extreme surface wind producing mechanisms within the ETC. ETCs have been extensively studied in the Northern Hemisphere (particularly in western Europe), highlighting the gust-producing mesoscale features within. Before now, no Southern Hemisphere ETC has been examined in this way. There were a number of extreme gust-producing features within the ETC, comparable to those observed in storms over western Europe. One such feature was a convective line, which caused many of the most extreme gusts and knocked out the state power grid. However, dry slot convection also contributed to the extremes, and this feature rarely causes extreme gusts in ETCs over the UK. Thus, further analysis is warranted to examine whether this is a common extreme-gust-producing ETC feature over Southern Australia. The strongest winds recorded throughout the event occurred on 29 September, and these were associated with the cold conveyor belt which spiralled around the low-pressure centre.