Clinical and genetic findings in an Ashkenazi Jewish population with colorectal neoplasms

BACKGROUND. The authors evaluated the frequency of the carrier status of three ancestral colorectal neoplasm-associated mutations (APC.I1307K, BLMAsh, and MSH2*1906G>C) found in the Jewish population among a case series with documented colorectal neoplasms. They further compared family and personal histories plus environmental exposures of the carriers and noncarriers of the I1307K mutation and examined clinical differences with regard to the colorectal neoplasms and the specific molecular genetic changes in these lesions. METHODS. Analyses were performed on tissue from stored paraffin-embedded blocks for the three germline mutations plus the KRAS mutation and APC loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and APC gene sequencing. RESULTS. Fifty-four of the 429 individuals (12.6%) were found to carry the APC: I1307K mutation, whereas 4 (0.9%) were found to be heterozygous for the BLMAsh mutation and 3 (0.7%) were carriers of the MSH21906G>C* mutation. Carriers of the I1307K mutation did not appear to differ from noncarriers with regard to the number of neoplasms, patient age at detection, or tumor location within the colon. There was no significant difference noted between I1307K carriers and noncarriers with regard to the percentage of patients with first-degree relatives with colorectal carcinoma. A significant risk for APC LOH was found in lesions from carriers who smoked cigarettes compared with nonsmokers. The I1307K mutation was found to be clearly associated with a somatic additional adenine insertion in the region of codons 1306-1309, but other mutations in the region of codons 1277-1348 were found to be no more prevalent in carriers than in noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS. in Jewish individuals previously diagnosed with a colorectal neoplasm, MSH2*1906G>C is uncommon but has been associated with carcinoma occurring at a young age. The BLMAsh mutation is uncommon and appears to be of little effect. The I1307K mutation is common among Jews who have had colorectal neoplasms, but overall it was found to have little effect clinically in the current study group. There may be a gene-environment interaction between the I1307K mutation and cigarette use.