The effect of Hall current on magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer for Bingham fluids in a rectangular duct

Laminar fully developed magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer through a rectangular duct are investigated for the case of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting Bingham fluid. A constant pressure gradient and an external uniform magnetic field are applied. The Hall effect is taken into consideration. As thermal boundary conditions, constant wall heat flux is assumed axially and constant wall temperature is assumed peripherally, while the apparent viscosity is assumed to vary with the temperature. The governing momentum and energy equations are solved numerically with finite-difference approximations. The velocity, the temperature, the average friction factor, and the Nusselt number are computed for various values of the physical parameters.