Dietary Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Among the Family Members of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Its Influence on the KAP of T2DM Patients

Purpose: To investigate the dietary knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among the family members (FMs) of Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and its influence on the KAP of T2DM patients. Patients and Methods: Two hundred thirty-six pairs of hospitalized T2DM patients and their FMs (472 in total) in our hospital were enrolled. A pair of self-designed questionnaires on dietary KAP (Cronbach's alpha >= 0.763, I-CVI >= 0.857, S-CVI = 0.964, 0.958) were used to collect data and assess the KAP towards diabetes diets. Results: The mean score for dietary KAP of T2DM patients was 2.33 +/- 0.60, 3.03 +/- 0.44 and 2.77 +/- 0.38, whereas that of their FMs was 2.37 +/- 0.55, 3.08 +/- 0.48 and 2.82 +/- 0.61, respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) of T2DM patients was negatively correlated to their dietary practice (r = -0.218, P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between T2DM patients and their FMs for dietary KAP (r = 0.306, P < 0.05). The dietary practice of T2DM patients was positively correlated with the dietary KAP of their FMs (r = 0.305, 0.252 and 0.136, respectively, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the score for dietary knowledge and attitude, occupation, residence, family history, complications of the T2DM patient, and the sex and dietary knowledge score of the FM were significantly associated with dietary practice for T2DM patients. Conclusion: The dietary attitude of FMs was moderate but dietary knowledge and practice were poor. Dietary KAP was positively correlated with T2DM patients and their FMs.