Structural grammar for design optimization of grid shell structures and diagrid tall buildings

A great attention has been recently paid to sustainability and efficiency in the field of civil engineering. In this context, structural optimization processes combined with shape grammar constitute an important tool to support the design phase of large scale structures. This paper proposes shape grammars for the topology optimization of grid shells and diagrid tall buildings characterized by triangulated patterns, with the aim to minimize the structural weight. The structural feasibility of the generated solutions is assessed through numerical analyses, while the optimized patterns are identified by means of optimization processes based on genetic algorithm. The results are provided in terms of optimal geometrical patterns, structural weight, stiffness/strength checks. The approach is helpful to support the investigation of lightweight structural patterns and structurally efficient so-lutions. The method could be expanded and improved by considering the minimization of different objective functions that take into account both the weight and construction aspects.