Design principles of m-learning for ESL

The purpose of this study is to draw out design principles of m-learning for ESL. For this purpose, we have reviewed some literature, developed prototypes with the collaboration of two English education experts, four instructional designers, and two mobile technology experts. We extracted four design principles: (i) to apply learning activities of English teaching and learning process to contents structure, (ii) to support of contextual learning or situated learning, (iii) to considering mobile display characteristics for design graphic interface and (iv) to design content layout with multi-device. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.