Structure, synthesis, properties and solid oxide electrolysis cells application of Ba(Ce, Zr)O3 based proton conducting materials

Ba(Ce, Zr)O3 based proton-conducting oxides have experienced a surge of attention in the past because of their promising applications in proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (H+-SOECs). As proton conductor perovskite oxides, Ba(Ce, Zr)O3 based materials demonstrate potential to offer lower activation energy and higher proton transfer properties in low-temperature than oxygen ion conductor perovskite oxides as a result of the smaller ion radius of proton. Herein, a review of the current research progress on Ba(Ce, Zr)O3 based materials, including structural, materials synthesis approaches, conductivity, stability properties, and applications related to H+-SOECs is presented. This review focuses on modification strategies, including enhancing conductivity and chemical stability via the substitution of the B-site element, to improve the performance of H+-SOECs. Finally, more attention should be given to current leakage, performance and long-term stability of H+-SOECs in the future.