Induction of apoptosis in human leukaemia HL-60 cells by furanone-coumarins from Murraya siamensis

To identify potential anti-tumour agents, we screened five furanone-coumarins isolated from Murraya siamensis Craib (Rutaceae) for their ability to inhibit the growth of human leukaemia HL-60 cells. Among the furanone-coumarins tested, murrayacoumarin B (compound 2) showed significant cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells. Fluorescence microscopy with Hoechst 33342 staining revealed that the percentage of apoptotic cells with fragmented nuclei and condensed chromatin increased in a time-dependent manner after treatment with murrayacoumarin B. Interestingly, this furanone-coumarin induced the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, treatment with murrayacoumarin B stimulated the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and caspase-9 and caspase-3 inhibitors suppressed the apoptosis induced by murrayacoumarin B. These results suggest that murrayacoumarin B induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells through activation of the caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction.