Biocompatibility Assessment of Chamomile Volatile Oil, Double Antibiotic Paste in Subcutaneous Tissue of Rats

This study aimed to assess the biocompatibility of Matricaria Recutita volatile oil versus 1% double antibiotic paste on subcutaneous tissue in rats through implantation testing. Thirty-six rats were selected for In Vivo assay. The prepared polyethylene tubes were sealed at one end with cyanoacrylate gel carrying the tested medicament and divided into 3 groups (I, II, and III) (36 tubes each) representing the tested material. Group I is the control group (Empty tube), group II comprises 1% DAP (5 mu l), whereas group III comprises Chamomile volatile oil (2.5 mu l) according to effective antimicrobial concentration against E. faecalis (ATCC29212), each group was subdivided according to the post-implantation evaluation period at 7, 14, and 21 days. Animals were euthanized and tissue sections were prepared for histopathological and microscopic assessments of inflammation and fibrous capsule thickness & length of each group at different time intervals. The values of fibrous capsule thickness & length (mu m) were of the highest value in 1% DAP associated with the highest inflammation intensity followed by the control group, while the lowest value of fibrous capsule thickness & length was in the chamomile group associated with less inflammation, respectively at all-time intervals with statistically significant difference between them. Therefore, chamomile volatile oil exhibits superior biocompatibility over 1% DAP with promising application in endodontics as a biocompatible intracanal disinfectant.