Significance and Transformation of 3-Alkyl-2-Methoxypyrazines Through Grapes to Wine: Olfactory Properties, Metabolism, Biochemical Regulation, and the HP-MP Cycle

被引：14

作者：

Zhao, Xianfang ^{[1
,2
]}

Ju, Yanlun ^{[1
]}

Wei, Xiaofeng ^{[1
]}

Dong, Shuo ^{[1
]}

Sun, Xiangyu ^{[1
]}

Fang, Yulin ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Northwest A&F Univ, Coll Enol, Heyang Viti Viniculture Stn, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, Peoples R China

[2] Henan Inst Sci & Technol, Life Sch Sci & Technol, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, Peoples R China

来源：

MOLECULES | 2019年 / 24卷 / 24期

关键词：

3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines; Vitis vinifera; wine; O-methyltransferase; O-demethylation; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ODORANT-BINDING-PROTEIN; SAUVIGNON BLANC GRAPES; CABERNET-SAUVIGNON; HARMONIA-AXYRIDIS; O-METHYLTRANSFERASE; LIGHT EXPOSURE; RED WINES; 3-ISOBUTYL-2-METHOXYPYRAZINE BIOSYNTHESIS;

D O I：

10.3390/molecules24244598

中图分类号：

Q5 [生物化学]; Q7 [分子生物学];

学科分类号：

071010 ; 081704 ;

摘要：

3-Alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (MPs) contribute to the herbaceous flavor characteristics of wine and are generally considered associated with poor-quality wine. To control the MPs in grapes and wine, an accurate understanding of MP metabolism is needed. This review covers factors affecting people in the perception of MPs. Also, the history of O-methyltransferases is revisited, and the present review discusses the MP biosynthesis, degradation, and biochemical regulation. We propose the existence of a cycle between MPs and 3-alkyl-2-hydropyrazines (HPs), which proceeds via O-(de)methylation steps. This cycle governs the MP contents of wines, which make the cycle the key participant in MP regulation by genes, environmental stimuli, and microbes. In conclusion, a comprehensive metabolic pathway on which the HP-MP cycle is centered is proposed after gaining insight into their metabolism and regulation. Some directions for future studies on MPs are also proposed in this paper.

引用

页数：20