Contribution of wind power plants in grid frequency regulation: Current perspective and future challenges

As the wind power penetration level has started increasing in the grid, it has become essential to employ wind turbine with frequency regulation capabilities. This has become a challenging issue for researchers working in the area of wind power integration and to seek solution to this problem. To date, a piecemeal approach has been adopted in various review papers in this area, hence lagging completeness. This article presents a comprehensive review of frequency control techniques, various grid codes, load frequency control involving wind power plant with and without frequency control technique and modification in design of wind turbines for frequency regulation. Particularly, load frequency control including wind power plant with and without frequency control techniques at wind turbine manufacturer's level has not been considered for review so far. More than 100 research publications in the form of research papers, reports, guidelines, and standards on the state of the art in this area have been rigorously examined, critically reviewed with research gaps identified and presented in a systematic manner.