Numerical analysis of multi-ply fabric impacts

The impact behavior of multi-ply fabric was modeled considering different fabric features. The viscoelastic yarn model was adopted to represent the dynamic behavior of fibers. Yarn pullout on the fabric edges was considered as well as yarn slippage on the warp and weft crossovers. Crimp straightening, slippage on the clamped areas, as well as bending are also described. Interlayer penetration was prevented by monitoring particle—particle collisions of the nodes on the neighboring fabric layers. Deformation and damage of the separate layers were evaluated by a self-developed code which is based on the impulse-momentum balance equations. The deformation and kinetic energy dissipation depending on each ply are calculated. The code was optimized by excluding calculations for events that are not likely to happen. The model predicted the deformation of the fabric reasonably well and showed good agreements with the test results. The gradual failure of the fabric layers from the impacted side was demonstrated in the simulation. © 2007, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.