Pyrene-Benzimidazole Derivatives as Novel Blue Emitters for OLEDs

Three novel small organic heterocyclic compounds: 2-(1,2-diphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-7-tert-butylpyrene (compound A), 1,3-di(1,2-diphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-7-tert-butylpyrene (compound B), and 1,3,6,8-tetra(1,2-diphenyl)-1H-benzimidazolepyrene (compound C) were synthesized and characterized for possible applications as blue OLED emitters. The specific molecular design targeted decreasing intermolecular aggregation and disrupting crystallinity in the solid-state, in order to reduce dye aggregation, and thus obtain efficient pure blue photo- and electroluminescence. Accordingly, the new compounds displayed reasonably high spectral purity in both solution- and solid-states with average CIE coordinates of (0.160 & PLUSMN; 0.005, 0.029 & PLUSMN; 0.009) in solution and (0.152 & PLUSMN; 0.007, 0.126 & PLUSMN; 0.005) in solid-state. These compounds showed a systematic decrease in degree of crystallinity and intermolecular aggregation due to increasing steric hindrance, as revealed using powder X-ray diffraction analysis and spectroscopic studies. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) prototype fabricated using compound B as the non-doped emissive layer displayed an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.35 (& PLUSMN;0.04)% and luminance 100 (& PLUSMN;6) cd m(-2) at 5.5 V with an essentially pure blue electroluminescence corresponding to CIE coordinates of (0.1482, 0.1300). The highest EQE observed from this OLED prototype was 4.3 (& PLUSMN;0.3)% at 3.5 V, and the highest luminance of 290 (& PLUSMN;10) cd m(-2) at 7.5 V. These values were found comparable to characteristics of the best pure blue OLED devices based on simple fluorescent small-molecule organic chromophores.