Contact Engineering: Electrode Materials for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted world-wide attention in both academia and industry. With the deeper understanding of hybrid perovskites materials, decent photovoltaic efficiencies have been witnessed in the corresponding photovoltaic devices. To date, substantial literatures have been published to review the rapid progress in this field, mainly focused on the understanding of materials properties, design of device configuration, and the investigation of their operational principles. In the context of device structure, the electrode is one of the essential components that influences not only the photon conversion efficiency, but also the stability of the resultant solar cells. Moreover, the electrodes take up a substantial amount in the total fabrication cost, which is believed to affect the commercialization process of perovskite photovoltaics significantly. This review briefly summarizes recent advances in the development of electrodes that receive relatively less attentions in the PSCs community. These contributions are believed to be substantially helpful to guide the delicate design of PSC devices, which can potentially expedite the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics.