The implications of school improvement and school effectiveness research for primary school principals in Ethiopia

In the last 20 years the Ethiopian education system has rapidly expanded, leading to a 500% increase in primary school enrolment. The Ministry of Education (MoE) has sought to address a perceived decline in educational quality through nationally-mandated programmes for school improvement and teachers' professional development. Such programmes - imported on the advice of the United States Agency for International Development(USAID), Department for International Development (DfID) and other development partners - are implemented "mechanistically", without adaptation for societal or organisational cultural contexts. This article reviews empirical research from the last decade, including "grey" literature, in the school improvement (SI) and school effectiveness research (SER) traditions to draw implications for primary school principals in Ethiopia.