The role of octreotide in the prevention of complications following pancreatic resection

Postoperative complications following major pancreatic surgery are mainly due to the difficulties of performing a safe and proper anastomosis between the stomach or small bowel and the pancreas. Continuous pancreatic juice secretion and the often soft structure of the pancreatic parenchyma are major risk factors. The present paper summarizes the results of six previously published, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials and one open randomized trial analyzing the efficacy of octreotide in preventing postoperative complications in patients who undergo major pancreatic surgery. Patients were given either octreotide (3 x 100-150 mu g subcutaneously/day) or a placebo perioperatively for 5-7 days starting at least 1 h before operation. The patients were monitored postoperatively for typical postoperative complications such as: leakage of the anastomosis, pancreatic fistula, abscess, fluid collection, shock, sepsis, pulmonary insufficiency, renal insufficiency, bleeding, postoperative pancreatitis, and death. Six of the seven studies showed significantly fewer postoperative complications in the octreotide group in comparison with the placebo group (p <0.05), The effectiveness of octreotide was most apparent in the prevention of secretion-related complications such as fistula, fluid collection and leakage of the anastomosis. These studies demonstrated that inhibition of perioperative pancreatic secretion is a viable treatment concept in patients undergoing major pancreatic surgery. The perioperative and prophylactic application of octreotide in patients who undergo major pancreatic resection reduces the postoperative complication rate significantly.