Groundwater chemistry in semi-arid areas of Sudan

Hydrochemical investigations of groundwater have been carried out on objectives of evaluating groundwater quality. This paper presents assessment of hydrochemical characteristic of groundwater in Khartoum state, Sudan. The approaches followed here include the chemical analyses for major ions chemistry and MapInfo draw exchange to construct the hydrochemical maps of total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and chloride (Cl-) ions. The hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater in each aquifer and management consideration were discussed. Sources of major ions in groundwater were analyzed. The hydrochemical maps of the aforementioned species were constructed. Relationship of, groundwater to use was elaborated. High concentrations of hydrochemical constituents and the occurrence of calcrete (CaCO3) and evaporite in upper aquifer suggests along history of evaporation and increasing leachates.