Superior Inorganic Ion Cofactors of Tetraborate Species Attaining Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Electrocatalysis for Water Oxidation on Cobalt Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticles

A heterogeneous catalyst incorporating an inorganic ion cofactor for electrochemical water oxidation was exploited using a CoO(OH) nanoparticle layer-deposited electrode. The significant catalytic current for water oxidation was generated in a Na2B4O7 solution at pH 9.4 when applying 0.94 V versus Ag/AgC1 in contrast to no catalytic current generation in the K2SO4 solution at the same pH. HB4O7 and B4O72- ions were indicated to act as key cofactors for the induced catalytic activity of the CoO(OH) layer. The Na2B4O7 concentration dependence of the catalytic current was analyzed based on a Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics to provide an affinity constant of cofactors to the active sites, K-m = 28 +/- 3.6 mM, and the maximum catalytic current density, I-max = 2.3 +/- 0.13 mA cm(-2). The I-max value of HB4O7- and B4O72- ions was 1.4 times higher than that (1.3 mA cm(-2)) for the previously reported case of CO32- ions. This could be explained by the shorter-range proton transfer from the active site to the proton-accepting cofactor because of the larger size and more flexible conformation of HB4O7 and B(4)O(7)(2-)ions compared with that of CO32- ions.