Melatonin as a treatment for migraine sufferers: a systematic review

Background Migraine is a primary headache with a prevalence of 12-20% in the world. Approximately 38% sufferers were indicated for prophylactic therapy, but only a small proportion (3-13%) received prophylactic therapy. The role of melatonin in migraine is to protect the brain against toxins through anti-free radical activity, inhibition of the release of inflammatory factors and neurotransmitters. Results This review uses the PRISMA protocol and uses source from Pubmed. A total of 142 articles were found according to the search strategy. 5 articles were collected with a randomized-controlled trial design that matched the inclusion criteria. Of the 5 articles, there were only 2 articles that proved significant where melatonin gave better results compared to placebo in migraine sufferers, especially in the frequency of attacks, duration, and reduction in the use of other analgesics. Based on the dose and duration of melatonin administration, although most use a dose of 3 mg melatonin with a duration of 2-3 months, this still needs to be investigated further because the available data are not sufficient. In addition, the use of melatonin before going to bed at night is said to be better because it is associated with the majority of side effects that occur, namely sleepiness. Conclusion Studies on melatonin and migraine with a randomized-controlled trial design are still limited so there is not enough evidence to support the administration of melatonin as a treatment for migraine sufferers, including the safety and side effects, especially for a long period of time.