Barriers and Facilitators to Conducting Kangaroo Mother Care in Italian Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Purpose: This work aimed to investigate obstacles and facilitators for carrying out Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) across Italian NICUs. Design and methods: A survey that investigated Unit's characteristics, policies toward parents and KMC practice and policies was carried out. Data from 86 NICUs (80.4%) was collected. Descriptive statistics and Multiple Re-gression Models were computed. Results: Eighty-one NICUs provided KMC. These NICUs had a less restricted parental access policies (chi(2) = 7.373, p = .007). More than the 70% of the units did not have adequate facilities for parents. KMC daily length was pos-itively predicted (R-2 = 0.18, F = 7.91, p = .001) by repeated sessions and documentation of KMC. Conclusion: The implementation of KMC is characterized by different barriers and facilitators that determine the parent's possibility to provide KMC. Structural factors (e.g., adequate space and facilities) can support families in providing KMC. A unique result of this survey is that KMC documentation on medical records appears critical for improving its practice. Practice implications: Although most of the Italian units provide KMC as a routine practice, improving its practical support would be beneficial to its implementation. A more formalized approach to KMC may strengthen staff habits to consider KMC like a standard care treatment. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.