Maternal light environment during seed development affects lettuce seed weight, germinability, and storability

Seed germinability and storability are important aspects of seed quality determined by the genotype and environment of seed development. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is produced commercially in most temperate and subtropical areas of the world. The objective of this study was to determine how photoperiod and light quality of the mother plant environment affects lettuce seed quality. Seeds of cv. Tango were produced in growth chambers under one of two treatments: a) short day (SD), consisting of 8 hours of fluorescent light (approximate to 310 mu mol.m(-2)-s(-1)) plus 16 hours of darkness daily, and b) long day (LD), consisting of 4 hours of incandescent light (approximate to 21 mu mol.m(-2.)s(-1)), 8 hours of fluorescent light, 4 hours of incandescent light, and 8 hours of darkness daily. The red to far-red ratio was approximate to 6.8 and 1.0 for the fluorescent and incandescent light, respectively. In both treatments, the temperature was 23 degrees C. The LD treatment produced significantly heavier seeds; however, germination at optimal conditions (20 degrees C-light) was similar for both treatments. Germinability (percentage and rates) at suboptimal conditions (30 degrees C, 20 degrees C with different external ABA concentrations, negative osmotic potentials, or dark) was higher for seeds produced under the LD treatment. On the other hand, seeds produced under the LD treatment presented better storability (evaluated by the accelerated aging test and standard germination after storage at 30 degrees C and 74% 1114). The critical period for light environment effects was also studied. Seed weight patterns were determined early in seed development, during the first 6 days after flowering. Conversely, light environment effects on seed germinability and storability were determined at the end of seed development, after physiological maturity, which occurred by 11 days after flowering. These results show that lettuce seed germinability and storability may he modified by management of light conditions during seed production and provide useful information for seed producers, seed companies, and seed conservation institutions.