An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing*

被引：60

作者：

Sahu, Kailash C. ^{[1
]}

Anderson, Jay ^{[1
]}

Casertano, Stefano ^{[1
]}

Bond, Howard E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Udalski, Andrzej ^{[3
]}

Dominik, Martin ^{[4
]}

Calamida, Annalisa ^{[1
]}

Bellini, Andrea ^{[1
]}

Brown, Thomas M. ^{[1
]}

Rejkuba, Marina ^{[5
]}

Bajaj, Varun ^{[1
]}

Kains, Noe ^{[6
]}

Ferguson, Henry C. ^{[1
]}

Fryer, Chris L. ^{[7
]}

Yock, Philip ^{[8
]}

Mroz, Przemek ^{[3
]}

Kozlowski, Szymon ^{[3
]}

Pietrukowicz, Pawel ^{[3
]}

Poleski, Radek ^{[3
]}

Skowron, Jan ^{[3
]}

Soszynski, Igor ^{[3
]}

Szymanski, Michal K. ^{[3
]}

Ulaczyk, Krzysztof ^{[3
,9
]}

Wyrzykowski, Lukasz ^{[3
]}

Barry, Richard K. ^{[10
]}

Bennett, David P. ^{[10
,11
]}

Bond, Ian A. ^{[12
]}

Hirao, Yuki ^{[13
]}

Silva, Stela Ishitani ^{[10
,14
]}

Kondo, Iona ^{[13
]}

Koshimoto, Naoki ^{[10
]}

Ranc, Clement ^{[15
]}

Rattenbury, Nicholas J. ^{[8
]}

Sumi, Takahiro ^{[13
]}

Suzuki, Daisuke ^{[13
]}

Tristram, Paul J. ^{[16
]}

Vandorou, Aikaterini ^{[10
,11
]}

Beaulieu, Philippe ^{[17
,18
,19
]}

Marquette, Jean-Baptiste ^{[20
]}

Cole, Andrew ^{[17
]}

Fouque, Pascal ^{[21
]}

Hill, Kym ^{[17
]}

Dieters, Stefan ^{[17
]}

Coutures, Christian ^{[18
,19
]}

Dominis-Prester, Dijana ^{[22
]}

Bennett, Clara ^{[23
]}

Bachelet, Etienne ^{[24
]}

Menzies, John ^{[25
]}

Albrow, Michael ^{[26
]}

Pollard, Karen ^{[26
]}

机构：

[1] Space Telescope Sci Inst, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA

[2] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[3] Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland

[4] Univ St Andrews, SUPA Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Exoplanet Sci, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland

[5] European Southern Observ, Karl Schwarzschild Str 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[6] Columbia Univ, Barnard Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA

[7] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Theoret Astrophys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA

[8] Univ Auckland, Dept Phys, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

[9] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England

[10] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[11] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[12] Massey Univ, Inst Nat & Math Sci, Auckland 0745, New Zealand

[13] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan

[14] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA

[15] Heidelberg Univ, Zentrum Astron, Astron Rech Inst, Monchhofstr 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

[16] Univ Canterbury, Mt John Observ, POB 56, Lake Tekapo 8770, New Zealand

[17] Univ Tasmania, Sch Nat Sci, Private Bag 37, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia

[18] Sorbonne Univ, UPMC Univ Paris 6, 98 Bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

[19] CNRS, UMR 7095, Inst Astrophys Paris, 98 Bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France

[20] Univ Bordeaux, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N,Allee Geoffroy St Hilaire, F-33615 Pessac, France

[21] Univ Toulouse, UPS OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France

[22] Univ Rijeka, Fac Phys, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia

[23] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

[24] Las Cumbres Observ, Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Dr,Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117 USA

[25] South African Astron Observ, POB 9, ZA-7935 Observatory, South Africa

[26] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand

[27] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany

[28] Ohio State Univ, Dept Astron, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[29] Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[30] Vintage Lane Observ, Blenheim, New Zealand

[31] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Escola Ciencias & Tecnol, BR-59072970 Natal, RN, Brazil

[32] Univ Estado Rio Grande do Norte, Programa Posgrad Fis, BR-59610210 Mossoro, RN, Brazil

[33] Auckland Observ, Auckland, New Zealand

[34] Possum Observ, Patutahi, New Zealand

[35] Univ Southern Queensland, Ctr Astrophys, Toowoomba, Qld 4350, Australia

[36] Weizmann Inst Sci, Benoziyo Ctr Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel

[37] Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverley Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel

[38] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espaciais, Astrophys Div, Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil

[39] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Daejon 34055, South Korea

[40] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel

[41] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys & Astrophys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel

[42] Ctr Backyard Astrophys, Farm Cove Observ, Auckland, New Zealand

[43] AUT Univ, Inst Radio Astron & Space Res IRASR, Auckland, New Zealand

[44] Univ Copenhagen, Ctr ExoLife Sci, Niels Bohr Inst, Oster Voldgade 5, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark

[45] Qatar Fdn, Qatar Environm & Energy Res Inst QEERI, HBKU, Doha, Qatar

[46] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

[47] Univ Salerno, Dipartimento Fis ER Caianiello, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy

[48] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Naples, Italy

[49] CALTECH, IPAC, Mail Code 100-22,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 10022 USA

[50] Univ Hamburg, Fac Math Informat & Nat Sci, Dept Earth Sci, Meteorol Inst, Bundesstr 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2022年 / 933卷 / 01期

基金：

欧盟地平线“2020”; 新加坡国家研究基金会;

关键词：

GRAVITATIONAL LENS; BINARY; EVOLUTION; STAR; PHOTOMETRY; PARALLAX; PLANETS; EVENTS; DEFLECTION; RESOLUTION;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report the first unambiguous detection and mass measurement of an isolated stellar-mass black hole (BH). We used the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to carry out precise astrometry of the source star of the long-duration (t (E) similar or equal to 270 days), high-magnification microlensing event MOA-2011-BLG-191/OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 (hereafter designated as MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462), in the direction of the Galactic bulge. HST imaging, conducted at eight epochs over an interval of 6 yr, reveals a clear relativistic astrometric deflection of the background star's apparent position. Ground-based photometry of MOA-11-191/OGLE-11-462 shows a parallactic signature of the effect of Earth's motion on the microlensing light curve. Combining the HST astrometry with the ground-based light curve and the derived parallax, we obtain a lens mass of 7.1 +/- 1.3 M (circle dot) and a distance of 1.58 +/- 0.18 kpc. We show that the lens emits no detectable light, which, along with having a mass higher than is possible for a white dwarf or neutron star, confirms its BH nature. Our analysis also provides an absolute proper motion for the BH. The proper motion is offset from the mean motion of Galactic disk stars at similar distances by an amount corresponding to a transverse space velocity of similar to 45 km s(-1), suggesting that the BH received a "natal kick" from its supernova explosion. Previous mass determinations for stellar-mass BHs have come from radial velocity measurements of Galactic X-ray binaries and from gravitational radiation emitted by merging BHs in binary systems in external galaxies. Our mass measurement is the first for an isolated stellar-mass BH using any technique.

引用

页数：28

共 50 条

[1] A Binary Origin for the First Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected with Astrometric Microlensing
Vigna-Gomez, Alejandro
Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2023, 946 (01)
[2] A SEARCH FOR STELLAR-MASS BLACK HOLES VIA ASTROMETRIC MICROLENSING
Lu, J. R.
Sinukoff, E.
Ofek, E. O.
Udalski, A.
Kozlowski, S.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2016, 830 (01):
[3] An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing
Lam, Casey Y.
Lu, Jessica R.
Udalski, Andrzej
Bond, Ian
Bennett, David P.
Skowron, Jan
Mroz, Przemek
Poleski, Radek
Sumi, Takahiro
Szymanski, Michal K.
Kozlowski, Szymon
Pietrukowicz, Pawel
Soszynski, Igor
Ulaczyk, Krzysztof
Wyrzykowski, Lukasz
Miyazaki, Shota
Suzuki, Daisuke
Koshimoto, Naoki
Rattenbury, Nicholas J.
Hosek, Matthew W., Jr.
Abe, Fumio
Barry, Richard
Bhattacharya, Aparna
Fukui, Akihiko
Fujii, Hirosane
Hirao, Yuki
Itow, Yoshitaka
Kirikawa, Rintaro
Kondo, Iona
Matsubara, Yutaka
Matsumoto, Sho
Muraki, Yasushi
Olmschenk, Greg
Ranc, Clement
Okamura, Arisa
Satoh, Yuki
Silva, Stela Ishitani
Toda, Taiga
Tristram, Paul J.
Vandorou, Aikaterini
Yama, Hibiki
Abrams, Natasha S.
Agarwal, Shrihan
Rose, Sam
Terry, Sean K.
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2022, 933 (01)
[4] Detecting isolated stellar-mass black holes in the absence of microlensing parallax effect
Karolinski, Numa
Zhu, Wei
[J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2020, 498 (01) : L25 - L30
[5] Identification of stellar-mass black hole binaries and the validity of linear orbital motion approximation in microlensing
Ma, Xiaoyi
Zhu, Wei
Yang, Hongjing
[J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2022, 513 (04) : 5088 - 5096
[6] Stellar-mass black hole binaries as ULXs
Rappaport, S
Podsiadlowski, P
Pfahl, E
[J]. INTERACTING BINARIES: ACCRETION, EVOLUTION, AND OUTCOMES, 2005, 797 : 422 - 433
[7] Gravitational microlensing events due to stellar-mass black holes
Bennett, DP
Becker, AC
Quinn, JL
Tomaney, AB
Alcock, C
Allsman, RA
Alves, DR
Axelrod, TS
Calitz, JJ
Cook, KH
Drake, AJ
Fragile, PC
Freeman, KC
Geha, M
Griest, K
Johnson, BR
Keller, SC
Laws, C
Lehner, MJ
Marshall, SL
Minniti, D
Nelson, CA
Peterson, BA
Popowski, P
Pratt, MR
Quinn, PJ
Rhie, SH
Stubbs, CW
Sutherland, W
Vandehei, T
Welch, D
[J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2002, 579 (02): : 639 - 659
[8] Investigating stellar-mass black hole kicks
Repetto, Serena
Davies, Melvyn B.
Sigurdsson, Steinn
[J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2012, 425 (04) : 2799 - 2809
[9] Stellar-mass microlensing of gravitational waves
Cheung, Mark H. Y.
Gais, Joseph
Hannuksela, Otto A.
Li, Tjonnie G. F.
[J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2021, 503 (03) : 3326 - 3336
[10] A Search for Isolated Stellar-Mass Black Hole Candidates Based on Pulsar Kinematics
Chmyreva, E.
Beskin, G.
Dyachenko, V.
[J]. STARS: FROM COLLAPSE TO COLLAPSE, 2017, 510 : 317 - 320

← 1 2 3 4 5 →