Impact of jaw location on clinical and radiological status of dental implants placed in cigarette-smokers and never-smokers: 5-year follow-up results

Purpose: The aim of this 60 months follow-up investigation was to investigate the impact of jaw location on clinical and radiological status of dental-implant therapy in cigarette-smokers and never-smokers. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine self-reported cigarette-smokers and 27 nonsmokers were assessed. All implants were categorized into three regions with reference to their location in the maxilla or mandible: (a) Anterior zone: implants located in anterior teeth; (b) Middle zone: Implants located in the premolar region; and (c) posterior zone: implants located in the molar region. Peri-implant crestal bone loss (CBL), bleeding-on-probing (BOP) and probing-depth (PD) >= 4 mm and were assessed. Level of statistical significance was set at P < .05. Results: Mean age of cigarette-smokers (n = 29) and never-smokers (n = 27) was 44.5 years (39-51 years) and 43.6 years (35-49 years), respectively. The average duration of cigarette-smoking was 20.3 years (17-26 years). The mean periimplant PD (P < .05) and CBL (P < .05) were significantly higher in cigarette-smokers in contrast to never-smokers in all zones. No statistically significant differences in CBL, PD, and BOP were observed in the three zones of implant location among cigarette-smokers and never-smokers. Conclusion: Smoking enhanced PD and CBL around dental implants and this relationship was independent of site of implant placement and jaw location.